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Chainsaw cutting trees separating the traces of the overall inspection
2014/4/25??????點(diǎn)擊：
Separate body formed in the forest felling has a unique shape, which reflects the specific rule. When cutting the trees , is the growing upright tree a " cut ", generally use a handsaw or chainsaw . In order not to be jammed and the saw to control the direction of a fallen tree , the tree requires a saw " stubble " and " stubble " to ( see Figure 1 ) . When " cut " thick trees in the " stubble " of the two saws to saw and put wood chips between two saws and other tools to play with an ax to the trees to " stubble " direction down . In the examination and identification of trees are felled whole separate traces to the integrated use of felled trees were " cut " the inherent characteristics of the formation .
About one case
Between August-September 2009 , a state-owned forest areas protected by the State occurred in illegal logging of precious trees , " Mongolian oak " ( oak tree ) cases. Extraction site was amputated "Mongolian oak " trees " stump " 87 . In the investigation , the Zhang family piled masses mixed oak is felled to the child , and after interrogation the suspect Zhang, which refused to recognize the illegal felling of trees in the facts of the crime ; technician for the Zhang family was split into seizure sub- block mixed oak splicing , splicing out of 80 with a scene of " stump " corresponds with the test conditions linden wood .
Linden wood concave shape with the scene of the seizure of three randomly spliced corresponding " stump " for comparison. Identified in the inspection process, we found mixed in the seizure of wood extracted sub- portfolio -site " Stump " and suspects others belong linden oak logs , sawn sections are formed and separated from the edge of both convex and concave shape , separation surface correspond to each other . Which read, " 72" , "33 " on the " stump " the suspect 's home and seized logs of wood mixed sub forging punch combinations recommended not completely split butt , and the two corresponding interface gap of nearly millimeters in diameter . After looking over each other on the wood ray features and the corresponding parts of the punch and chop stubble features integrated judge confirmed for the separation of the two bodies of the same substance . In the face of evidence that the suspect Zhang confessed all the facts of the crime .
2 test identified felled trees separating the traces 2.1 overall margin of separation , separation surface morphology test
Separating edge , the concave form of the separation surface , which is constituted by cutting trees
The basic characteristics of the overall separation traces . Felled trees two sections showing
The concave shape and sawing " on stubble ", " stubble " cutting corners when sawing trees
Degree ; saw cutting depth trees ; saw cutting of trees formed " on the stubble " and
Spatial relationship " stubble " and felled trees between the cross-section of its own
Form and other factors. Thus, each section separated by cutting trees there
A unique shape, which provided the conditions for the examination and identification . In practical
There are several tests were found between the two sections separated from the body of the cutting of trees
Relations : one section concave shape of two separate bodies each other
Should the separation edge separation surface corresponding to each other ( see Figure 2 ) . Second, two separate
Concave shape body section correspond to each other , separated edge , phase separation surface morphology
Mutual correspondence , but not completely split in the butt . Third off two separate bodies
Each concave portion corresponding to the surface shape , the edge portion of the separation , each separating surface
Correspondence , some missing. Fourth, the cross-section of two separate bodies of destruction , loss
To match conditions . To test the two separate sections for the felled trees margin separating surface between different relationships , to conduct a comprehensive inspection, and choose the matching part of the conditions for docking or comparison test, and then carry out a comprehensive judgment, to make a conclusion.
2.2 Radial section split stubble curve concave shape inspection
Radial section curves split stubble , cutting whole trees are traces of a separate examination of particular features . Felled trees radial section is split between more than stubble " on stubble " and " stubble " formation , the split crop trees felled in the process, the trunk and the " stumps " instantaneous formation of isolated , characterized by having nonrepeatability ( see Figure 3 ) . In applying this test to identify features to consider:
section (b) the suspect 's home seized wood linden wood makes up the sub- loop through "horizontal flip" after ; (n) the scene of " stump " section
Figure 3 Radial section split edge feature matching stubble separation
( 1 ) cutting trees in the form of saw marks " on stubble " and " stubble " moderate vertical distance from the surface , there is no distance between the horizontal and even overlap ; radial section then split two separate bodies stubble match, the corresponding chop crop curve docking site of natural radial section . Separation margin separating edge and radial section addition, radial section split stubble and " the stubble " split between stubble and " stubble " is not exactly the same between the ; Therefore, the test must distinguish between two separate edge curves , not to be confused , but do not mix .
( 2 ) cutting of trees in the form of saw marks " on stubble " and " stubble " face greater vertical distance , there is a certain distance between the level of the " stump " cross section " on stubble " and " Xiacha formed between the "split Lane raised , while the corresponding parts of the corresponding surface is sawn wood missing that mark the formation of depressions ; this part of the raised split stubble traces corresponding depression is difficult to completely butt ; this is because trees were felled in the side of the center of gravity to " stubble " where the shift in gravity , forming a deformed wood torn split stubble . Then we must examine the raised split stubble " root " traces the edge of the recessed section pattern is consistent contour shape , height test raised and sunken lane split marks the depth is consistent, and in combination with other features make the identification test Conclusion .
2.3 Characteristics of wood ray inspection
Wood rays are the only trees ray -like tissue was transverse arrangement , some or slightly lighter in color glossy radial direction was along the lines radiating across the ring . Most broadleaf wood is medium or wide width wood wood ray radiation can be used as an important feature to identify broadleaf wood ; its special shape as trees are felled whole separate test traces to identify special features . Conifer Wood rays most fine, but not to the naked eye visible feature is not obvious. Case, is illegal logging "Mongolian oak " is a broad-leaved wood, wood -ray features more obvious, but guilty
The alleged crime to evade combat illegal logging in the face sawn oak tree spraying ink , to take advantage of this feature wood -ray inspection bring some difficulties . When using wood ray features , can be flipped horizontally and one section after another section with a characteristic or feature comparison method and other methods to test docking identified ( see Figure 4 ) .
When the trees are felled for traces of the overall separation test identification, but also features the use of cracks , bark texture features, characteristics , etc. rings ; cutting trees when they are separated from the overall test also marks the reference marks " felled " trees saw the formation of in particular the use of the ladder pattern marks handsaw tree felling formed tufted line marks , saw marks Lupo width , depth, morphology control test. In the felled trees in the overall separation test docking method using a combination of features , feature control method , feature overlap , reverse control method , reverse docking
Other methods tested . In addition, the length of time to be considered when testing samples after being separated from the external force ; There millimeter differences in this case the same substance isolate two sections ( interface ) in diameter length , is due to the seizure of the wood sub- loop is a month ago after being amputated gradually lose moisture and shrink away from the tree , and the " stumps " Ken department is still shrinking water supply so slow exigencies
About one case
Between August-September 2009 , a state-owned forest areas protected by the State occurred in illegal logging of precious trees , " Mongolian oak " ( oak tree ) cases. Extraction site was amputated "Mongolian oak " trees " stump " 87 . In the investigation , the Zhang family piled masses mixed oak is felled to the child , and after interrogation the suspect Zhang, which refused to recognize the illegal felling of trees in the facts of the crime ; technician for the Zhang family was split into seizure sub- block mixed oak splicing , splicing out of 80 with a scene of " stump " corresponds with the test conditions linden wood .
Linden wood concave shape with the scene of the seizure of three randomly spliced corresponding " stump " for comparison. Identified in the inspection process, we found mixed in the seizure of wood extracted sub- portfolio -site " Stump " and suspects others belong linden oak logs , sawn sections are formed and separated from the edge of both convex and concave shape , separation surface correspond to each other . Which read, " 72" , "33 " on the " stump " the suspect 's home and seized logs of wood mixed sub forging punch combinations recommended not completely split butt , and the two corresponding interface gap of nearly millimeters in diameter . After looking over each other on the wood ray features and the corresponding parts of the punch and chop stubble features integrated judge confirmed for the separation of the two bodies of the same substance . In the face of evidence that the suspect Zhang confessed all the facts of the crime .
2 test identified felled trees separating the traces 2.1 overall margin of separation , separation surface morphology test
Separating edge , the concave form of the separation surface , which is constituted by cutting trees
The basic characteristics of the overall separation traces . Felled trees two sections showing
The concave shape and sawing " on stubble ", " stubble " cutting corners when sawing trees
Degree ; saw cutting depth trees ; saw cutting of trees formed " on the stubble " and
Spatial relationship " stubble " and felled trees between the cross-section of its own
Form and other factors. Thus, each section separated by cutting trees there
A unique shape, which provided the conditions for the examination and identification . In practical
There are several tests were found between the two sections separated from the body of the cutting of trees
Relations : one section concave shape of two separate bodies each other
Should the separation edge separation surface corresponding to each other ( see Figure 2 ) . Second, two separate
Concave shape body section correspond to each other , separated edge , phase separation surface morphology
Mutual correspondence , but not completely split in the butt . Third off two separate bodies
Each concave portion corresponding to the surface shape , the edge portion of the separation , each separating surface
Correspondence , some missing. Fourth, the cross-section of two separate bodies of destruction , loss
To match conditions . To test the two separate sections for the felled trees margin separating surface between different relationships , to conduct a comprehensive inspection, and choose the matching part of the conditions for docking or comparison test, and then carry out a comprehensive judgment, to make a conclusion.
2.2 Radial section split stubble curve concave shape inspection
Radial section curves split stubble , cutting whole trees are traces of a separate examination of particular features . Felled trees radial section is split between more than stubble " on stubble " and " stubble " formation , the split crop trees felled in the process, the trunk and the " stumps " instantaneous formation of isolated , characterized by having nonrepeatability ( see Figure 3 ) . In applying this test to identify features to consider:
section (b) the suspect 's home seized wood linden wood makes up the sub- loop through "horizontal flip" after ; (n) the scene of " stump " section
Figure 3 Radial section split edge feature matching stubble separation
( 1 ) cutting trees in the form of saw marks " on stubble " and " stubble " moderate vertical distance from the surface , there is no distance between the horizontal and even overlap ; radial section then split two separate bodies stubble match, the corresponding chop crop curve docking site of natural radial section . Separation margin separating edge and radial section addition, radial section split stubble and " the stubble " split between stubble and " stubble " is not exactly the same between the ; Therefore, the test must distinguish between two separate edge curves , not to be confused , but do not mix .
( 2 ) cutting of trees in the form of saw marks " on stubble " and " stubble " face greater vertical distance , there is a certain distance between the level of the " stump " cross section " on stubble " and " Xiacha formed between the "split Lane raised , while the corresponding parts of the corresponding surface is sawn wood missing that mark the formation of depressions ; this part of the raised split stubble traces corresponding depression is difficult to completely butt ; this is because trees were felled in the side of the center of gravity to " stubble " where the shift in gravity , forming a deformed wood torn split stubble . Then we must examine the raised split stubble " root " traces the edge of the recessed section pattern is consistent contour shape , height test raised and sunken lane split marks the depth is consistent, and in combination with other features make the identification test Conclusion .
2.3 Characteristics of wood ray inspection
Wood rays are the only trees ray -like tissue was transverse arrangement , some or slightly lighter in color glossy radial direction was along the lines radiating across the ring . Most broadleaf wood is medium or wide width wood wood ray radiation can be used as an important feature to identify broadleaf wood ; its special shape as trees are felled whole separate test traces to identify special features . Conifer Wood rays most fine, but not to the naked eye visible feature is not obvious. Case, is illegal logging "Mongolian oak " is a broad-leaved wood, wood -ray features more obvious, but guilty
The alleged crime to evade combat illegal logging in the face sawn oak tree spraying ink , to take advantage of this feature wood -ray inspection bring some difficulties . When using wood ray features , can be flipped horizontally and one section after another section with a characteristic or feature comparison method and other methods to test docking identified ( see Figure 4 ) .
When the trees are felled for traces of the overall separation test identification, but also features the use of cracks , bark texture features, characteristics , etc. rings ; cutting trees when they are separated from the overall test also marks the reference marks " felled " trees saw the formation of in particular the use of the ladder pattern marks handsaw tree felling formed tufted line marks , saw marks Lupo width , depth, morphology control test. In the felled trees in the overall separation test docking method using a combination of features , feature control method , feature overlap , reverse control method , reverse docking
Other methods tested . In addition, the length of time to be considered when testing samples after being separated from the external force ; There millimeter differences in this case the same substance isolate two sections ( interface ) in diameter length , is due to the seizure of the wood sub- loop is a month ago after being amputated gradually lose moisture and shrink away from the tree , and the " stumps " Ken department is still shrinking water supply so slow exigencies
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